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Heat Conductivity Modules

Keyword(s) Heat Conductivity. For a new search enter search key word(s) then click GO GO

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Line Pipe Thermal Conductivity And Heat Transfer   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Thermal Expansion   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 thermal expansion from temperature (ASME B31.3 Table C-2).

Table C-2 provides thermal expansion strain data (mm/m) from 20 degrees C base temperature. The expansion data is used to calculate

  • thermal expansion strain from 20 degrees C to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion strain from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion length from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion coefficient at the design temperature
  • The average thermal expansion coefficient from the design base temperature to the design temperature

Use the Data Plot option to plot thermal expansion versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of expansion coefficient, expansion strain and expansion length versus material type. Strain (ε) has units meter per meter [m/m]. The expansion strain data uses units of milli meter per meter [mm/m] or [mε] milli strain. Change units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up thermal expansion data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Thermal Expansion   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping thermal expansion from temperature (ASME B31.1 Table C-2).

Table C-2 provides thermal expansion strain data (mm/m) from 20 degrees C base temperature. The expansion data is used to calculate

  • thermal expansion strain from 20 degrees C to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion strain from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion length from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion coefficient at the design temperature
  • The average thermal expansion coefficient from the design base temperature to the design temperature

Use the data plot option to plot thermal expansion versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of expansion coefficient, expansion strain and expansion length versus material type. Strain (ε) has units meter per meter [m/m]. The expansion strain data uses units of milli meter per meter [mm/m] or [mε] milli strain. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data table (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up expansion strain data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Line Pipe Schedule   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Allowable Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping allowable stress (S), yield stress (SYT) and tensile stress (SUT) from the design temperature.

Stress values are calculated from temperature using Table 502.3.1 (US values). Change units on the setup page. For temperatures below the data range, the stress value is constant (fracture toughness should also be considered for low temperature operation). For temperatures above the data range the stress values can either be constant value for the end point, constant slope from the end point, or zero from the end point. Engineering judgement is required to use extrapolated values above the data range.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable stress versus material type. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping wall thickness from internal pressure and design temperature .

Allowable stress is calculated from temperature using Table 502.3.1 (US values). Change units on the setup page. Stress values can be extrapolated for temperatures above the data range (care is required when using extrapolated values). The wall thickness calculations are valid for internal overpressure only. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of wall thickness and allowable pressure versus material type (for the calculate wall thickness option the allowable pressure equals the design pressure. For the specified wall thickness option the wall thickness is constant). Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping hoop stress from internal pressure. Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the allowable stress from the design temperature.

The hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). For operation the hoop stress should be ≤ the design stress. For pressure tests, the hoop stress should be ≤ 100% of yield stress for hydrotest, or ≤ 90% of yield strss for pneumatic tests. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping hydrotest and pneumatic leak test pressure and hoop stress check. Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the yield stress from the design temperature.

The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, or 1.1 times the design pressure for pneumatic test. Hydrotest should be used for secondary cooling piping only. Hydrotest should not be used for refrigeration piping.

Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). Minimum wall thickness is recommended for new piping, or piping in as new condition. The pressure design wall thickness is recommended for corroded piping. The hoop stress should be ≤ 90% of yield for hydrotest or pneumatic tests.

For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure during operation, the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure only. The hoop stress should be calculated separately from the pressure difference during testing (use the hoop stress calculator). Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Minimum Temperature For Impact Testing   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping minimum temperature for impact testing from wall thickness and material type.

For carbon steel materials with a minimum temperature letter designation, the minimum temperature for testing can be calculated according to table 523.2.2 (curves A, B and C).

If the maximum stress is less than the design stress, the impact testing temperature can be reduced according to figure 523.2.2 using the stress ratio (the ratio of design tensile streess over allowable stress). Use the hoop stress calculator to calculate the hoop tensile stress. Use the flexibility calculators to calculate longitudinal tensile stress. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up minimum temperature and letter designation data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Elastic Modulus   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping elastic modulus versus temperature from table 519.3.2 (SI Units).

The elastic modulus is extrapolated with constant slope for temperatures outside the data range.

Use the data plot option to plot the elastic modulus versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of elastic modulus versus material type. Change units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up elastic modulus data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Thermal Expansion   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping thermal expansion from table 519.3.1 (SI units).

For temperatures outside the data range, thermal expansion is extrapolated with constant slope from the end points.

thermal expansion from 21 degrees C base temperature to the design temperature is interpolated from the table. The calculations include : thermal expansion from the design base temperature to the design temperature, the expansion coefficient at the design temperature, and the mean expansion coefficient and elongation from the design base temperature to the design temperature.

Use the data plot option to plot thermal expansion versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Change units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up thermal expansion data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping required branch reinforcement for welded and extruded branches.

The calculations are valid for right angle welded branches, angled welded branches ≥ 45 degrees, and right anngle extruded branches.

Use the pipe wall thickness calculators to calculate design stress, minimum thickness and Y factor for the header pipe and branch pipe (use the user defined wall thickness option). Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the design stress for the reinforcement pad. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Design Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Blank Flange And Closure   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Design Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping maximum allowable design pressure from wall thickness and design temperature .

Allowable stress is calculated from temperature using Table 502.3.1 (US values). Change units on the setup page. Stress values can be extrapolated for temperatures above the data range (care is required when using extrapolated values). For combined internal and external pressure the allowable pressure is equal to the maximum allowable pressure difference.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the relevant data table. Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable pressure versus wall thickness for the selected pipe schedule.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Mass And Weight   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping unit mass (mass per length), unit weight (weight per length), and total mass.

The mass per joint can be calculated from the joint length. Construction quantities can be calculated from the total pipe length. Pipe mass and pipe unit weight (weight per length) can be calculated for multi layer pipelines (dry empty, dry full, wet empty and wet full pipelines).

Calculate pipeline fluid density, fluid volume and fluid mass for two phase gas liquid piping. The two phase gas liquid calculator can also be used to calculate the density of single phase gas.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe properties versus schedule wall thickness for the selected diameter. For multi layer pipelines, the first internal layer is the line pipe. Change the number of layers on the setup page. The line pipe diameter and thickness are calculated from the pipe schedule.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Fluid Volume And Mass   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping fluid volume and mass for two phase gas and liquid.

The two phase gas liquid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping fluid velocity and flow rate for two phase gas and liquid.

The two phase gas liquid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Hot Pipeline Temperature Decay Curve   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Hot Pipeline End Expansion   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Hot Pipeline Walking   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Hot Pipeline Fluid Heat Capacity   ±

Calculate high temperature pipeline fluid heat capacity for two phase and three phase fluids.

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Hot Pipeline Heat Transfer Coefficient   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Flexibility And Stress Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : AS 2885.1 Pipeline Cold Bend Buckle   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Dimensionless Number   ±

Calculate dimensionless numbers for fluid flow and other physical systems.

Dimensionless numbers are calculated from groups of variables so that the result is dimensionless. Dimensionless numbers can be calculated from any consistent set of units, and will have the same value. Dimensionless numbers can be a very powerful tool for analysing physical systems.

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Compressible Flow Gas Property   ±

Calculate compressible flow gas properties.

Calculate gas specific heat constant pressure, specific heat constant volume, specific heat ratio, molar mass, gas constant, gas specific gravity, gas compressibility factor and density from gas temperature and pressure. The gas compressibility factor is calculated from the critical point temperature, critical point temperature, and the accentric factor using either the Peng Robinson, Soave, Redlich Kwong or Van Der Waals equation of state (EOS).

Reference : Fluid Mechanics, Frank M White, McGraw Hill

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CALCULATOR MODULE : API 520 Correction Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Gas Liquid Heat Capacity   ±

Calculate two phase gas liquid heat capacity.

Fluid heat capacity can be calculated for single phase phase liqui. single phase gas, or combined liquid and gas. Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles over liquid volume. Gas moles are commonly measured by standard cubic feet (scf), and stand cubic meters (scm). Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters).

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Three Phase Gas Oil Water (Black Oil) Heat Capacity   ±

Calculate three phase gas oil water (black oil) heat capacity.

Black oil is a three phase mixture of oil, water and gas. Water cut is measured relative to the total liquid volume (gas volume is ignored). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is measured relative to the oil volume at standard conditions (water volume is ignored). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles over liquid volume. Gas moles are commonly measured by standard cubic feet (scf), and stand cubic meters (scm). Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters).

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Water And Steam Heat Capacity   ±

Calculate water and steam heat capacity from temperature and pressure (IAPWS R7-97).

Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties can be calculated for water and steam, saturated water, saturated steam, saturated water and steam, metastable water, and metastable steam. The calculations for water and steam are valid between 273.15 K and 1073.15 K (0 to 100 MPa), and between 1073.15 K and 2273.15 K (0 to 50 MPa).

The saturated water and steam calculations are valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K.

Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the region 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar). IAPWS R7-97 is intended for industrial use, and is a simplified version of IAPWS R6-95 for scientific use. IAPWS R7-97 was developed as an improvement of the IFC-67 model.

Reference : IAPWS R7-97 Industrial Formulation for thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam

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CALCULATOR MODULE : IAPWS R7-97 Steam Work Or Heat Power   ±

Calculate IAPWS R7-97 steam work or heat power for a general system from temperature, pressure and mass flow rate.

The heat or work power is calculated from the change of enthalpy between the inlet and outlet fluids. Check the phase of the inlet and outlet fluid. The enthalpy change is positive if heat or work is added to the system, and negative if heat or work are removed from the system.

Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the region 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar). IAPWS R7-97 is intended for industrial use, and is a simplified version of IAPWS R6-95 for scientific use. IAPWS R7-97 was developed as an improvement of the IFC-67 model.

Reference : IAPWS R7-97 Industrial Formulation for thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam

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CALCULATOR MODULE : TEOS-10 Seawater Conductivity   ±

Calculate TEOS-10 seawater conductivity from pressure, temperature and practical salinity.

Practical salinity is measured by comparing the sea water conductivity with a reference conductivity.

To convert pressure: 1 MPa = 100 dbar (deci bars) or 1 dbar = 1e4 Pa. To convert conductivity 1 S/m = 10 mS/cm.

Reference : TEOS-10 Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater (2010)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : TEOS-10 Seawater Salinity   ±

Calculate TEOS-10 seawater practical salinity from pressure, temperature and conductivity.

Practical salinity is measured by comparing the sea water conductivity with a reference conductivity.

To convert pressure: 1 MPa = 100 dbar (deci bars) or 1 dbar = 1e4 Pa. To convert conductivity 1 S/m = 10 mS/cm.

Reference : TEOS-10 Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater (2010)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Velocity Of Sound In A Solid   ±

Calculate the velocity of sound in a solid.

The speed of sound in a solid is calculated from the solid density and bulk modulus.

`a = √(K / ρ) `

where :

a = speed of sound
K = bulk modulus
ρ = density

The bulk modulus can be calculated from the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, or from the speed of sound in the solid.

`K = a^2 ρ `
`K = E / (3 (1 - 2 γ )) `

where :

E = elastic modulus
γ = Poisson ratio

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Soil Pipe Thermal Resistance   ±

Calculate soil and pipe thermal resistance and temperature decay constants for buried pipelines.

The decay length is only valid provided that the fluid mass flow rate and heat capacity are unchanged. The decay time is valid for any flowrate provided that the fluid heat capacity is unchanged. The overall heat transfer coefficient is calculated relative to the inside diameter of the pipe.

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DATA MODULE : ASME B31 Pipe And Flange Dimension ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

ASME B31.8 gas pipe and flange data values: pipe dimensions, flange dimensions, cover requirements, cold bends, burn through and location class.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems

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    DATA MODULE : Fluid Specific Heat Capacity ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : Fluid Thermal Expansion Coefficient ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

    Fluid thermal expansion coefficient data.

    Thermal expansion is commonly measured as either volumetric expansion (relative change of volume dV/(V.dT)), or as linear expansion (relative change of length (dL/(L.dT)). The volumetric expansion is approximately three times the linear expansion.

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      DATA MODULE : Material Thermal Expansion Coefficient ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
      DATA MODULE : Material Heat Transfer And Thermal Capacity ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
      DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Thermal Expansion ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

      Thermal expansion coefficient data for ASME B31.1 power piping (Table B SI values).

      Thermal expansion (mm/m) is measured from a base temperature of 68 F or 20 C. Use the ASME B31.1 thermal expansion calculators (see link below) to interpolate thermal expansion data values, calculate thermal expansion coefficient, or calculate thermal expansion from a different base temperature.

      Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping

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      DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Thermal Expansion ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

      Thermal expansion coefficient data for ASME B31.3 process piping (Table C SI values).

      Thermal expansion (mm/m) is measured from a base temperature of 68 F or 20 C. Use the ASME B31.3 thermal expansion calculators (see link below) to interpolate thermal expansion data values, calculate thermal expansion coefficient, or calculate thermal expansion from a different base temperature.

      Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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      DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Allowable Stress ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
      DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Elastic Modulus ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

      Elastic modulus data for ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping (Table 519.3.2 SI values).

      Use the ASME B31.5 elastic modulus calculators (see link below) to interpolate the US data values, or to convert the US data values to SI units.

      Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components

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      DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Thermal Expansion ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

      Thermal expansion coefficient data for ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping (Table 519.3.3 SI values and US values).

      Thermal expansion (in/ft or mm/m) is measured from a base temperature of 70 F or 20 C. Use the ASME B31.5 thermal expansion calculators (see link below) to interpolate thermal expansion data values, calculate thermal expansion coefficient, or calculate thermal expansion from a different base temperature.

      Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components

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      DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Refrigerant Safety Classification ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
      DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Minimum Temperature For Impact Testing ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
      DATA MODULE : Soil Properties : Density Uplift Coefficient Shear Strength And Friction Factor ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

      Soil properties, soil density, uplift coefficient, shear strength and friction factors.

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